Empress Matilda, daughter and dispossessed heiress of Henry I of England, c1860. Matilda (1102-1167) allowed by the King, Stephen, to leave Arundel Castle for Gloucester in 1139. Stephen of Blois, Matilda's cousin, usurped the throne when Henry I died in 1135, leading to a prolonged period of civil war as Matilda fought to regain the crown.
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