Claude Chappe demonstrating his optical telegraph (semaphore) system in 1793 (c1870). Chappe's (1763-1805) system was in use in France and French colonies until about 1850. Every 5 to 10 miles men in a repeater tower read the message through a telescope, then relayed it to the next tower. From Les Merveilles de la Science by Louis Figuier. (Paris, c1870).
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