Descartes' idea of the 'hydraulic' action of the nerves, 1692. French philosopher Rene Descartes (1596-1650) believed nerves were hollow, provided with valves, and supplied with fluid to cause the muscles to operate. They are here operating the muscles of the eye, (P and q). From Descartes' Opera Philiosophica. (Frankfurt am Main, 1692).
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