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Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian patriot and soldier of the Risorgimento, 1861. Garibaldi (1807-1882) was involved in the 'Young Italy' movement and after a failed uprising in Piedmont in 1834 he fled first to France and from there to South America, where he learned techniques of guerrilla warfare. He returned to Italy in 1848 at the head of a band of 'Red Shirts', fighting against the Austrians and French in Italy's wars of independence, during which he became a popular hero. In 1860 Garibaldi invaded Sicily at the head of a force of 1000 men, which had increased to 30,000 by the time he captured Naples. He then handed the territory he had captured in southern Italy over to Victor Emmanuel II, declaring him king of a united Italy. From a private collection.