2-548-381 - © Fine Art Images/Heritage Images

'Archimedes', 18th century. Archimedes (c287-212 BC) was a Greek mathematician and inventor who discovered formulae for calculating areas and volumes of planes and solid figures. He also made significant contributions to hydrostatics, the behaviour and power of static fluids. Archimedes is popularly supposed to have shouted Eureka on discovering that the water rose as he got into the bath: the principle of upthrust on a floating body. Found in the collection of the State A Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow.