2-611-863 - Keystone Archives/Heritage Images

Rudolf Hess, Nazi deputy leader, speaking at the Sportpalast, Berlin, 1939. Hess (1894-1987) was appointed Adolf Hitler's deputy shortly after the Nazis came to power in 1933. In 1941, just before the German invasion of the Soviet Union, he flew to Scotland, ostensibly to begin peace negotiations with the British government, but was arrested and spent the rest of the war as a POW. Found guilty of war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials in 1946, Hess spent the rest of his life in Spandau Prison in Berlin.