2-611-958 - Keystone Archives/Heritage Images

Nazi leaders Adolf Hitler and Rudolf Hess exchanging salutes, c1930s-c1940s. Hitler (1889-1945) appointed Hess (1894-1987) his deputy as leader of the Nazi Party in 1933, soon after the Nazis came to power. This effectively made Hess the third most powerful figure in Nazi Germany, after Hitler and Hermann Goering. In 1941, just before the German invasion of the Soviet Union, he flew to Scotland, ostensibly to begin peace negotiations with the British government. His plane crash landed near Eaglesham, Renfrewshire and he was arrested and spent the rest of the war as a POW. Found guilty of war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials in 1946, Hess spent the rest of his life in Spandau Prison in Berlin.