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Bodrum, Turkey, c20th century. Bodrum is a district and a port city in Mugla Province, in the southwestern Aegean Region of Turkey. The city was called Halicarnassus of Caria in ancient times and was famous for housing the Mausoleum of Mausolus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Built by the Knights Hospitaller in the 15th century, Bodrum Castle, overlooks the harbour and the marina.